Differences in Marketing products or Services to Organisations and Essay

Differences in Marketing products or Services to Organisations and Customers - Essay Example Marketing is the core of any business and the success or failure of marketing can affect the future of the organization. Different marketing strategies are used for different products and services. Moreover, marketing strategies used for marketing a product or service to a customer and to an organization is different as both an organization and a customer have basic differences in their buying habits. This paper briefly explains the basic differences in marketing a product or service to a customer and an organization. Organizations purchase and use goods for further production, operations, or resale whereas the customers always buy finished goods for their personal use. In other words, organizations always look for the utility of the product or service they purchased for making the profit whereas customers always look for quality, reliability and cheaper price of the product. Advertisements and sales promotion techniques can usually attract more customers whereas such things alone may not convince organizations. For example, a tire manufacturing organization purchases rubber for making tires. So they will be keen in getting rubber for the cheaper price and in better quality rather than the attractiveness of the branding or packaging of it. On the hand, a customer who purchases a tire will definitely be attracted by the brand value and attractive packaging.

Sleep and Rapid Eye Movement Essay Example for Free

Sleep and Rapid Eye Movement Essay Aw dreams that magical place that you drift off to in your sleep when everything goes just your way. Its that part of the day when everything is so pleasant and peaceful. Hello fellow classmates, and miss grubb today im here to talk about â€Å" Dreams† There are many things that make dreams happen. for example being in a good mood not being angry and getting a good nights sleep can make it happen. You can dream during(REM) rapid eye movement. What is rapid eye movement. Rapid eye movement (REM) is the stage of sleep characterized by rapid movements of the eyes. REM sleep typically occupies 20–25% of total sleep, about 90–120 minutes of a nights sleep. REM sleep is considered the deepest stage of sleep, and normally occurs close to morning. During a night of sleep, one usually experiences about four or five periods of REM sleep; they are quite short at the beginning of the night and longer toward the end. Many animals and some people tend to wake, or experience a period of very light sleep, for a short time immediately after a bout of REM. The relative amount of REM sleep varies considerably with age. A newborn baby spends more than 80% of total sleep time in REM. now lets talk about dreams themself. The human brain is responsible for many complex creations, but it can’t invent the image of people. So the â€Å"strangers† that you meet in your dreams actually have the faces of people who you’ve once seen in your real life but forgotten, like your childhood mailman or that guy you bumped into on the sidewalk that one time. Chances are that you’ve laid your eyes on more than a few individuals, and so the brain now has a huge cast of characters to play with when you drift off to sleep. Except for, in the case of extreme psychological disorder, every human being dreams. In fact, in a recent study, students who were awakened at the beginning of each dream but still allowed 8 hours of sleep, all experienced difficulty concentrating, irritability, hallucinations, and signs of psychosis in a span of three days. When they were allowed their REM sleep, their brains compensated for the lost time by increasing the percentage of the sleep spent in the REM stage. Dreams are a window into the subconscious. Even though most of the time, they’re completely random, disorganized, and we forget 90% of them within 10 minutes of waking up; many people have drawn inspiration from their dreams.

Palliative Care Nursing Reflection

Palliative Care Nursing Reflection INTRODUCTION The Healthcare Quality Strategy for NHS Scotland (Scottish Government 2010) was a further development from ‘Better Health, Better Care’ (Scottish Government 2007). In this reflective account I wish to concentrate on the peoples priorities for the people of Scotland outlined within this document, the ultimate aim is to provide the highest quality of care. It has as their objectives that care given should be consistent, person centered, clinically effective and safe and equitable with patients receiving clear communication with regards to conditions and treatment (Scottish Government 2010). Hubley and Copeman, (2008) state communication skills are paramount in healthcare to ensure that tailored advice is delivered effectively. This reflective account is based on an experience from my 3rd year management placement. Using Gibbs’s Reflective Model (1988) I aim to outline what occurred throughout the incident which involved providing clear communication and patient centered care and how this can be linked to the Quality Strategy in relation to the people’s priorities. This reflective model has been selected as it enables reflection on practice in a structured way allowing one to identify critical learning and development from their experience to enhance future practice (Bullman and Schutz, 2008). This scenario will consider how this incident will aid in my transition from student nurse to staff nurse. To comply with patients’ rights to confidentiality and in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC), (2010) I will use the pseudonym Mrs Wade. DESCRIPTION This reflection involves a 78 year old lady Mrs Wade who was an inpatient on the ward for 10 days after being diagnosed as having a cerebral haemorrhage. This had left Mrs Wade with a left sided weakness and aphasic. It was during this time it was established that Mrs Wade was also suffering from a perforated bowel and after discussion with her family from the medical staff it was decided that Mrs Wade was for no further active care and was to remain in the wards single room for palliative care. Feelings During my three years as a student nurse I had been involved with the care or palliative patients. However, I felt I still lacked confidence in this situation in communicating with patients and families. I had been involved in Mrs Wades care from admission as I had been her admitting nurse and I felt I had established a good patient / nurse relationship which in accordance with the Nursing and Midwifery Council (2008) allows for patient centered care. This is a difficult time for the Wade family and as stated with in The Healthcare Quality Strategy for NHS Scotland (Scottish Government 2010, p6) I would strive to provide care that was both caring and compassionate. Evaluation The negative aspect of this situation was that I was dealing with a palliative care patient and that it was inevitable that my patient would die. The positive aspect that I could draw from this was I was being put in a situation as a 3rd year student on my final placement and this would give me an experience that I could learn from. Jones (2012) advocates that it is essential in nursing to have good communication skills. This is also advocated by Dougherty and Lister (2008) who states that communication is an integral part of maintaining a high quality of record keeping which is regarded as a vital standard of practice by the NMC (2008). Communication and written care records aid to establish a continuity of care. A holistic approach for continuity of care is exceptionally important when caring for palliative care patients as nurses have a crucial role in care provision (Hill, 2011). It is important to note that any information that is given to Mrs Wade and her family is given in an open and honest manner and to ensure that they understand and give opportunity to ask questions (NMC, 2008). As Mrs Wade was a palliative care patient it gave rise to effective teamwork within the multi-disciplinary team to ensure all Mrs Wades needs were met as well as her families to ensure continuity of care whilst showing clinica l excellence. Analysis The World Health Organisation (nd) describes palliative care as â€Å"an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problem associated with life-threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual.† A holistic approach was taken in planning Mrs Wade care incorporating physical, psychological, social, emotional and environmental needs. These needs are not only imperative to the patient but also had to include all Mrs Wades immediate family in who she had requested to be involved (Dougherty and Lister, 2008). Within the ward I worked active care plans and patient care plans are reviewed daily and updated accordingly to ensure the patient receives the best possible care (NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, 2014) Jones (2012) states that it is essential in nursing to have good communication skills. This is also reiterated by Dougherty and Lister (2008) who states that communication is an integral part of maintaining a high quality of record keeping which is regarded as a vital standard of practice by the NMC (2009). Communication and written care records aid to establish a continuity of care. Communication also incorporates the ability to listen and support and ensure understanding (NMC 2008). In addition to caring for Mrs Wade I was also given the opportunity to be involved in meeting with the multi-disciplinary team which in Mrs Wade’s case involved the palliative care team for the hospital. This again reiterated the importance of good communication skills and accurate record keeping to ensure that all participants in Mrs Wades care knew exactly what was happening (SIGN 20). In terms of communication I felt I was gaining confidence especially with the family members as I had built up a rapport which was both professional whilst being friendly and trusting (MacLeod et al 2010). Mrs Wade as well as any patient within our care should receive care outlined by the people’s priority. Patients receiving palliative care should be made comfortable and pain free and to be cared for in a safe and clean environment (Scottish Government, 2010 p6). Reflection from this incident has made me aware of the level of involvement each member of staff from health care assistants through to consultants play in the care of patients. This was shown through the numerous times I was involved in multi-disciplinary meets, re-assessment of care plans to ensure the highest standard of evidence based care was given to Mrs Wade (NMC 2009). CONCLUSION The outcome was positive in the aspect that a holistic approach to Mrs Wade’s care was taken in accordance with The Scottish Government’s Initiative (2010) on patient centered care. I felt empowered by incorporating the use of the SBAR framework in effective collaboration with the multidisciplinary team aided clear communicating in accordance with The Scottish Government (2010). This resulted in a consistent continuity of care for Mrs Wade. ACTION PLAN A result of this significant event was that it gave me the experience of dealing with a delicate situation. As stated by Scheffer and Rubenfeld (2000) â€Å"Critical thinking in nursing is an essential component of professional accountability and quality nursing care. Critical thinkers in nursing exhibit these habits of the mind: confidence, contextual perspective, creativity, flexibility, inquisitiveness, intellectual integrity, intuition, open-mindedness, perseverance, and reflection. Critical thinkers in nursing practice the cognitive skills of analyzing, applying standards, discriminating, information seeking, logical reasoning, predicting, and transforming knowledge†. I was also given the opportunity afterwards to reflect on my role and the role each member of the team took in the care of a palliative care patient. I feel for future development I will take responsibility for my own learning in areas where I felt I lacked knowledge. In this situation I had assumed that Mrs Wade was recovering from her CVA, however I was unaware that the effect a CVA has on the brain can result in continence issues and result in bowel perforation. I believe that in the future and with more experience I will be aware of complication resulting from a CVA and although I would not expect to be an expert I would be better equipped to deal with similar situations in the future (RCN 2013). OVERALL CONCLUSION On reflection of my own experience and in using this to aid in my transition from student nurse to staff nurse I feel I have enhanced my own knowledge on palliative care (Dougherty and Lister, 2011) whilst reiterating the importance of good communication skills. It also highlighted the importance of having the confidence to acknowledge one’s own lack of knowledge and be able to admit to this and where to seek guidance to ensure that the correct protocol is followed to ensure patient safety at all times and to provide continuity of care. I feel that the care given to this patient is in line with the initiative of The Scottish Government’s Healthcare Quality Strategy for Scotland (2010). In relation to how this incident reflects on my transition it shows that on graduating as a staff nurse I will immediately assume the role which includes leadership, delegation and supervision. Once NMC registered, a host of expectations are placed upon you. The RCN (2010) reported that newly qualified staff nurses feel unprepared and overwhelmed by their new responsibilities, making the period of transition very stressful rather than exciting and truly enjoyable. However, I hope to overcome these feelings by immersing myself in the knowledge that I will adhere to all policies and guideline by The Scottish Government (2010) to ensure the best possible care and service to all. References McLeod Deborah L, Dianne M. Tapp Moules, N., Campbell M E Knowing the family: Interpretations of family nursing in oncology and palliative care European Journal of Oncology Nursing Volume 14 issue 2 April 2010 Page 93-10 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1462388909001124 NHS GGC http://www.nhsggc.org.uk/content/default.asp?page=s1458

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Essay -- ADHD Research Paper

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a prevalent in today’s classrooms. There are many co-existing communication difficulties associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In this paper I will discuss the nature of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, its common communication characteristics, and the implications of these characteristics socially, emotionally and academically as well as communication strategies that teachers may use to ensure that students with this disorder may be included in a regular class setting. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is also known by its abbreviated name ADHD. The American Family Physician (2001) states that â€Å"at least 9% of school aged children have ADHD†. ADHD is described as â€Å"a complex neurobehavioral disorder characterized by varying degrees of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity† (American Family Physician, 2001). Characteristics of ADHD can be divided into three categories, impulsiveness, inattention and hyperactivity and can include the following: †¢ Excessive talking †¢ Blurting †¢ Interrupting †¢ Not following directions †¢ Off task behavior †¢ Poor Self-Regulation †¢ Distractability †¢ Poor follow through on tasks (Okmi & Kaiser, 2000) It is important to note that some visual and hearing problems may also cause these behaviors. Medical doctors must diagnose ADHD and will rule out these problems before diagnosis. ADHD is a genetic disorder and is highly heritable, this is also important to think of when diagnosing ADHD (Tannock, 2013). Doctors diagnose patients by reading rating scales that the child’s teacher and parents both fill out and listening to anecdotal information of people involved in the child’s life. They also shou... ... K., & Kaiser, A. (2000). Language Characteristics of Children with ADHD. Communication Disorders Quarterly, 21(3), 154-165. Ostrander, R., & Herman, K. (2006). Potential Cognitive, Parenting and Developmental Mediators of the Relationship Between ADHD and Depression. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74(1), 89-98 Tannock, R. (n.d.). Language and Mental Health Disorders: The Case of ADHD. Language and Mental Health Disorders: The Case of ADHD. Retrieved October 20, 2013, from http://www.cas.uio.no/Publications/Seminar Wymbs, B. (2011). Mechanisms underlying the influence of disruptive child behaviour on interparental communication. Journal of Family Psychology, 25(6), 873-884. Zentall, S. (2005). Contributors to the social goals and outcomes of students with ADHD with and without LD. International Journal of Educational Research, 43, 290-307

Drama Journal Entry

Wk6 Assign: Project 1 – Journal – Drama Part II 1. What is your reaction to this week's play: â€Å"Fences†? My reaction is that Troy Maxson has made a lot of mistakes in his life, but finally has settled on the right track. He has a wonderful wife, a son, and a steady job. But when Troy's son brings home a request that causes him to look back and dwell on the bitter racism in his unfulfilled past, Troy's stable life takes a downward spiral.As the Maxson family loses contact with each other and relationships change in the blink of an eye, each character must fight through their inner demons to overcome the conflict that has overtaken their family. 2. What do you feel is significant about this play? (Discuss possible themes and the author's intentions. ) Troy, being an uneducated black man living in the south had many challenges and obstacles to overcome.In the end, the apple doesn't fall too far from the tree. Rose's character reminds us why our children need an education and woman rights need to be acknowledged and fought for. When she finds out her husband is cheating and at 54 he is going to be a father again. Rose has nowhere to go thick or thin, good or bad, Rose is stuck. 3. What do you think is the value of this dramatic piece and the form of literature it is written in? Why has this play become a classic, and why is it so highly regarded? ) Fences is one of those rare works of literature that is able to take a real-life situation and turn it into something deeply meaningful and important. It is one of the most accurate and intriguing depictions of relationships between people that I have ever read. August Wilson strikes a perfect balance of plot and dialogue and ends up with a definite home run. It was literature written in Drama.

Interpreting Financial Results Essay

Target’s mission is for their customer to except the most out of them and to pay less for their products. They plan to achieve this by delivering outstanding values, continuous innovation and exceptional guest experiences. As I have research and interpret Target’s Financial Results, I was able to identify some trends they have experiences within the last three years. When it comes to Targets Liquidity Ratio, the pattern shows that from 2011 to 2013 they start up went down and slowly went back up. As for their Efficiency Ratio the trend identifies that from 2011 to 2013 they were still starting high then dropping low and slowly coming back up. Now when it comes to the Leverage Ratio Targets has continuous increase for 2011 to 2013 with just a little decrease in some areas and this also goes for the Profitability Ratio, Market Value Indicator soon. I also had the opportunity to compare the financial results of Target with their benchmarking company Walmart. Once I review Walmart’s financial results, I saw some of the same trends target had. I also notice that Walmart has a lot more revenue being generated then what Target does. I have attached a financial ratio sheet which will also confirm and identify the trends of both Target and Walmart.

Drones Attacks and its Effects Essay Essays

Drones Attacks and its Effects Essay Essays Drones Attacks and its Effects Essay Essay Drones Attacks and its Effects Essay Essay Introduction: What is a drone? The US section of defence provinces that. a drone. or remote-controlled aircraft. is an â€Å"aircraft or balloon that does non transport a human operator and is capable of flight under remote control or autonom ous scheduling. †1 It’s a fact that drones are introduced to the universe in recent clip. and at that place started a important argument but its beginning can be traced atleast to World war1. 2 Although drones are largely related to Asia after 2004 but throughout the 20th century. nevertheless. they were used chiefly for surveillance. most notably during the Gulf War and the struggle in the Balkans in the 1990s. 3 After 9/11 drones started its function in the war on panic and the frist drone was flown in Afghanistan in ocotber 2001. 4 Since so. the US has increased its armory of Predator drones from 167 in 2002 to more than 7. 000 today. 5 US Positions About drones: War on panic started to securitize people from terrorists and drones are the chief equipment to securitize people. Harmonizing to US Defense Secretary Leon Panetta â€Å" Drones onslaughts protected Pakistan people every bit good as US†6 He farther said that drones onslaughts merely target the activists and are non counterproductive. Further he said â€Å"We are contending a war in the FATA. we are contending a war against terrorist act. † US believes that drones onslaughts are successful in decreasing terrorists. and the civilian hazard is excessively small. US authorities most of the times garbages of any civilian deceases in drones onslaught. Avary Plaw. an associate professor of political scientific discipline at the University of Massachusetts. provinces â€Å"One point in favour of drone work stoppages is that they are weakening Al Qaeda. the Taliban and affiliated groups. and therefore protecting lives. American and other. Besides. there don’t seem to be better agencies of making so† . He goes on stating that civilian causalities can non be avoided. they must be minimized. This is what drones work stoppages do. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1. DEP’T OF DEFENSE. 331 Joint PUBLICATION 1-02. DICTIONARY OF MILITARY AND ASSOCIATED TERMS ( 2010 ) ( amended July 15. 2012 ) . 2 Time Line of UAVs. PBS. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. phosphate buffer solution. org/wgbh/nova/spiesfly/uavs. hypertext markup language ( last visited Aug. 8. 2012 ) . 3 See Mary Ellen O’Connell. Improper Killing with Combat Drones: A Case Study of Pakistan. 2004- 2009 3 ( Notre Dame Law School Legal Studies Research Paper No. 09-43. 2010 ) . 4 Eric Schmitt. Threats and Responses: The Battlefield: US Would Use Drones to Attack Targets. N. Y. TIMES ( Nov. 6. 2002 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nytimes. com/2002/11/06/world/threats-responses-battlefield-uswould- use-drones-attack-iraqi-targets. hypertext markup language? pagewanted=all A ; src=pm. 5 Anna Mulrine. Unmanned Drone Attacks and Shape-Shifting Robots: War’s Remote Control Future. CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR ( Oct. 22. 2011 ) . hypertext transfer protocol: //www. csmonitor. com/USA/Military/2011/1022/Unmanned-drone-attacks-and-shape-shiftingrobots- War-s-remote-control-future. 6. Leon Panetta. US Secretary of defense mechanism. interview to Indian channel on June 6. 2012 08:26 Drones onslaughts Effectss: The other side of image of drones onslaughts is wholly opposite and strongly against the ballad claims of US. One of the informant. a human-centered worker of US said. â€Å"I remember people shouting in the streets. † he says. â€Å"People were afraid about what might go on following. People didn’t know if there would be another onslaught. There was tenseness in the air. This is what it is like. † He’s depicting life today where regular U. S. drone work stoppages happen. â€Å"It is a uninterrupted tenseness. a feeling of uninterrupted edginess. We are scared. † he laments. â€Å"You wake up with a start to every noise. †7 Let the treatment be started with James Jefferey ‘s article. where he speaks as â€Å"On a computing machine screen in the unit’s central office I watched a edifice explode and heard it on the wireless that enemy fire had ceased. Shortly after. we were notified a tractor and auto had arrived at a nearby patrol base’s entryway. loaded with organic structure parts of seven Afghans killed by the work stoppage. Six were kids who had been in a adjacent edifice. The frontward air accountant had said the targeted edifice contained no civilians. I spent the remainder of the twenty-four hours roll uping a study about the incident - composing amid a mental fog of daze. sickness and disgust at what I was portion of. †8 The US functionaries ever claims that drones consequence merely the activists and the civilian casualties are in individual figure. this is misdirecting the universe about the devastation of drones. which largely kill guiltless people. Harmonizing to Stanford study drones merely aim 2 % of activists and the recent are guiltless people. largely kids. Further the policy of drone are counterproductive. harmonizing to the civilization of Pakistan and Afghanistan. all the household battle against those who kill any member of their household. That’s the ground self-destruction bombing took topographic point after 2004 in Pakistan when drones started killing people without any mistakes. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Harmonizing to the same study the economic system of people in drones stricken countries ie Waziristan is collapsed badly. The fact is most of the people in FATA work locally. they have stores. vegetable tribunal. or sell things on unfastened land. The fright of drones in the country is huge most of the stores are either destroyed by drones or closed because of the fright. In most instances the gaining male of the households are killed in drones. it should be clear that FATA is like most of Pakistan and Afghanistan countries where merely male work for support and back up their households. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 7. Conor Friedersdorf. ‘Every Person Is Afraid of the Drones’ : The Strikes’ Effect on Life in Pakistan. SEP 25 2012.hypertext transfer protocol: //www. theatlantic. com/international/archive/2012/09/every-person-is-afraid-of-the- drones-the-strikes-effect-on-life-in-pakistan/262814/ 8. James Jafferey. The Position From the Wreckage. Bublishesd SEPTEMBER 26. 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. nytimes. com/roomfordebate/2012/09/25/do-drone-attacks-do-more-harm-than-good/the-view-from-the-wreckage One of the member of FATA and effected of drones said that. â€Å"A drone struck my home†¦ I was at work at that clip. so there was cipher in my place and no 1 killed†¦ Nothing else was destroyed other than my house. † he explained. â€Å"I went back to see the place. but there was nil to make - I merely saw my place wrecked†¦ I was highly sad. because usually a house costs around 10 hundred thousand. or 1. 000. 000 rupees [ US $ 10. 593 ] . and I don’t even have 5. 000 rupees now [ US $ 53 ] . I spent my whole life in that house†¦ my male parent had lived at that place every bit good. There is a large difference between holding your ain place and life on rent or mortgage†¦ I belong to a hapless household and my place has been destroyed. †9 Because drones fly most of the clip upon them so largely people sit at place and those who go for work are a batch worried about their places. so the concern and the plants are about now finished. US claims that drones work stoppage merely the activists. possi bly they call kids as activists because in drones largely kids die. In 2006 a drones onslaught on a madrassa in Bajuar. a tribal country of Pakistan. resulted in 80 deceases in which 69 where kids aged 7 to 17. One of the drone affected individual interviewed he said â€Å"My three boies died in drone onslaught. they were 8. 5 and 3 old ages old. They studied at an Islamic spiritual school in our country. I merely have one boy now. I miss all my dead boies. but I miss the eldest the most because he would take attention of the household in my absence. †10 The large figure. in all studies. is of kids and adult females who are the portion of no terrorist groups but the most guiltless animal of God. The official figure of kids decease in drones attaks is 176. while the un official figure is greater that this. Children have stopped traveling to schools because of the fright of the decease of category chaps in drones. The instruction system has to the full collapsed in the part. consequently to the study of Stanford most of the parents have stopped their kids to travel toschool. The parents say that drones are ever fly around the part so if it sees our childs praying in school it will assail and kill them. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 9. . Conor Friedersdorf. ‘Every Person Is Afraid of the Drones’ : The Strikes’ Effect on Life in Pakistan. SEP 25 2012. hypertext transfer protocol: //www. theatlantic. com/international/archive/2012/09/every-person-is-afraid-of-the- 10. Mudasir Shah ( interview published ) US Drones Kill Innocent People in South Waziristan Saturday. 03 November 2012 08:15 hypertext transfer protocol: //www. asiacalling. kbr68h. com/en/news/pakistan/2963-us-drones-kill-innocent-people-in-south-waziristan One male parent. after seeing the organic structures of three dead kids in the debris of a work stoppage. decided to draw his ain kids out of school. â€Å"I stopped my childs from acquiring an instruction. † he admitted. â€Å"I told them we will be finished one twenty-four hours. the same as other people who were traveling to school and were killed in the drone onslaughts. † He stated that this is non uncommon: â€Å"I know a batch of people. misss and male childs. whose households have stopped them from acquiring instruction because of drone onslaughts. †11 while questioning people by Stanford squad on of the folk adult male Ismail Hussain uttered. â€Å"the kids are shouting and they don’t travel to school. They fear that their schools will be tragedy by the drones † ( P 89 of Stanford ) beside that drones have affected the metal quality of pupils and have drawn their attending from survey. Lashkar-e-Taibas quote Faheem Quereshi the exclusive subsister of drones onslaughts in Waziristan. Faheem was the most superb pupil in the category and remained topper before a drone came and fractured his skull and do him about blind. Faheem provinces. â€Å"Our heads have been diverted from analyzing. We can non larn things because we are ever in fright of the drones vibrating over us. and it truly scares the little childs who go to school. . . . At the clip the drone struck. I had to take tests. but I couldn’t take tests after that because it weakened my encephalon. I couldn’t learn things. and it affected me emotionally. My [ head ] was so severely affected. . . ( p. 90-91 of Stanford study ) † Most of the pupil have metal jobs and are in injury because of the on traveling regular fright of decease. It’s a incubus when drones are winging around above the houses. When kids sees drones they scream and run to houses. they are in fright all the clip holding in head drones can kill them in no clip. They physicians say that 95 % of people are psychologically disturbed. adult females. work forces and kids.

An Explanation of the Ideal Gas Law

An Explanation of the Ideal Gas Law The Ideal Gas Law is one of the Equations of State. Although the law describes the behavior of an ideal gas, the equation is applicable to real gases under many conditions, so it is a useful equation to learn to use. The Ideal Gas Law may be expressed as: PV NkT where:P absolute pressure in atmospheresV volume (usually in liters)n number of particles of gask Boltzmanns constant (1.38Â ·10−23 JÂ ·K−1)T temperature in Kelvin The Ideal Gas Law may be expressed in SI units where pressure is in pascals, volume is in cubic meters, N becomes n and is expressed as moles, and k is replaced by R, the Gas Constant (8.314 JÂ ·K−1Â ·mol−1): PV nRT Ideal Gases Versus Real Gases The Ideal Gas Law applies to ideal gases. An ideal gas contains molecules of a negligible size that have an average molar kinetic energy that depends only on temperature. Intermolecular forces and molecular size are not considered by the Ideal Gas Law. The Ideal Gas Law applies best to monoatomic gases at low pressure and high temperature. Lower pressure is best because then the average distance between molecules is much greater than the molecular size. Increasing the temperature helps because of the kinetic energy of the molecules increases, making the effect of intermolecular attraction less significant. Derivation of the Ideal Gas Law There are a couple of different ways to derive the Ideal as Law. A simple way to understand the law is to view it as a combination of Avogadros Law and the Combined Gas Law. The Combined Gas Law may be expressed as: PV / T C where C is a constant that is directly proportional to the quantity of the gas or number of moles of gas, n. This is Avogadros Law: C nR where R is the universal gas constant or proportionality factor. Combining the laws: PV / T nRMultiplying both sides by T yields:PV nRT Ideal Gas Law Problems Ideal vs Non-Ideal Gas ProblemsIdeal Gas Law - Constant VolumeIdeal Gas Law - Partial PressureIdeal Gas Law - Calculating MolesIdeal Gas Law - Solving for PressureIdeal Gas Law - Solving for Temperature Ideal Gas Equation for Thermodynamic Processes Process(Constant) KnownRatio P2 V2 T2 Isobaric(P) V2/V1T2/T1 P2=P1P2=P1 V2=V1(V2/V1)V2=V1(T2/T1) T2=T1(V2/V1)T2=T1(T2/T1) Isochoric(V) P2/P1T2/T1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1(T2/T1) V2=V1V2=V1 T2=T1(P2/P1)T2=T1(T2/T1) Isothermal(T) P2/P1V2/V1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1/(V2/V1) V2=V1/(P2/P1)V2=V1(V2/V1) T2=T1T2=T1 isoentropicreversibleadiabatic(entropy) P2/P1V2/V1T2/T1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1(V2/V1)−Î ³P2=P1(T2/T1)ÃŽ ³/(ÃŽ ³ − 1) V2=V1(P2/P1)(−1/ÃŽ ³)V2=V1(V2/V1)V2=V1(T2/T1)1/(1 − ÃŽ ³) T2=T1(P2/P1)(1 − 1/ÃŽ ³)T2=T1(V2/V1)(1 − ÃŽ ³)T2=T1(T2/T1) polytropic(PVn) P2/P1V2/V1T2/T1 P2=P1(P2/P1)P2=P1(V2/V1)−nP2=P1(T2/T1)n/(n − 1) V2=V1(P2/P1)(-1/n)V2=V1(V2/V1)V2=V1(T2/T1)1/(1 − n) T2=T1(P2/P1)(1 - 1/n)T2=T1(V2/V1)(1−n)T2=T1(T2/T1)

The theory of online tutoring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The theory of online tutoring - Essay Example In spite of the popularity of great lecture classes found in colleges, the nucleus of learning is one-to-one conversation between a tutor or mentor and a student. The test has always been to discover ways of instruction that is effective in one-to-one learning relationship. The Internet has nowadays made individual education and instructing realistic and cost efficient to a degree that was never before possible (Bloom B. 1984). Online tutoring plans have great demand these days, especially when it comes to getting qualified in the field of IT owing to its profits and quality, amidst the student society. The modus operandi of the studying procedure is suitable for the students and they get a chance to think out of the box answers. In the online tutoring course, the teacher and the student are involved with synchronization between them. The teacher can have a one to one interface and contact with the students. Apart from these, communication is practical in the sense that they are live and real time. The students can also get their doubts cleared in their IT lessons immediately. They can also take part in a live chat with their teachers and avoid break in their work because of the continuous process of learning. Actually according to Eduventures U.S. ... Such tutoring and learning process would be devoid of mono talking but at the same would be filled with a good deal of creative thinking and fun packed actions. Problem Definition Information is very crucial in the growth of an intelligent tutoring system for IT. For this, we can make use of the repository of educational documents mined from the web and can be made simple by the tutors so that the students easily understand. The content stated above can be reinforced from the following key resources (i) MIT Open Courseware, NPTEL India (ii) .edu domain (iii) Discussion Forums - Google Groups, Yahoo Answers (iv) YouTube, Google Video and Metacafe (v) (vii) Domain specific websites for questions, tutorials etc. Open depositories like Wikipedia and different information pages in the field of IT like blogs etc: - authored by informal users if utilised proficiently will prove a very good resource for learning. Actually, in the US the law admits that those schools labeled as "needing improvement" for three consecutive years in the field of IT are obligatory to render free tutoring services to only students from low-income families (Tutorsforkids.org, 2007). Figure: Problem Definition (Courtesy: 03CS3010_Mayank_Jain.pdf) Online Tutoring Conventionally, auxiliary education service suppliers followed a principle, where after school coaches functioned face-to-face with one or a few number of students at a prearranged and selected amount of time. Nevertheless, the Internet has altered this practice since students now can meet a tutor online via live chat with the use of software such as "Microsoft Net Meeting," instantaneous messaging or by voice over internet protocol (VoIP).

Radio and Newspaper Advertisements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Radio and Newspaper Advertisements - Essay Example During the same period, some 8367.69 pounds on average were used in the same branches. The profit realized after using the two means was 676,727.33 pounds. The lowest profit realized was 30, 6240 pounds while the highest was 1,077,445 pounds. The branch which used the little funds on radio adverts used 3,584 pounds while the highest used 11,162. In news papers, the highest amount spend in a branch was 12,514 pounds while as little as 4,506 pounds was spend by a branch. (as per table 1 above) Radio advertisements alone have a significant contribution towards the profit of the company. An expenditure of 1 pound contributes about 81 pounds of profit. A regression equation can be developed from above; Likewise, taking newspaper adverts alone, the contribution is significant although to the negative side in profit growth. It has a contribution of -10.026 which is significant. The regression equation can be written as below; When radio and newspaper advertisements are combined together, newspaper adverts have no significant contribution at all. Radio advertisements contribute a lot towards the profit. The regression equation is as below, From the above analysis, the expenditures by Body shock ltd in advertisement using both radio and newspapers are the same (figure 4). ... Figure 3 above confirms that, the expenditures on newspaper advertisements were not normally distributed at all and revolved about the means. Table 3: Coefficient for radio standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error (Constant) 61147.729 71793.952 .852 .399 RADIO 81.285 9.225 8.812 .000 Dependent Variable: PROFIT Radio advertisements alone have a significant contribution towards the profit of the company. An expenditure of 1 pound contributes about 81 pounds of profit. A regression equation can be developed from above; P = 61167 + 81.285 R'''''''''''''''''1 Where, P = profit and R = radio expenditure Figure 4 Table 4: Coefficient for news standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error (Constant) 760622.382 125675.457 6.052 .000 NEWS -10.026 14.652 -.684 .497 Dependent Variable: PROFIT Likewise, taking newspaper adverts alone, the contribution is significant although to the negative side in profit growth. It has a contribution of -10.026 which is significant. The regression equation can be written as below; P = 760622 - 10.026 N'''''''''''''''''''.2 Figure 5 Table 5: Coefficients for news standardized Coefficients t Sig. B Std. Error (Constant) 64719.715 110993.021 .583 .563 NEWS -.382 8.969 -.043 .966 RADIO 81.236 9.407 8.636 .000 Dependent Variable: PROFIT When radio and newspaper advertisements are combined together, newspaper adverts have no significant contribution at all. Radio advertisements contribute a lot towards the profit. The regression equation is as below, P = 64719.715 - .382 N + 81.236 R'''''''''''''.3 Table 9 in the appendix is developed using equations 1 & 3 above. Discussion From the above analysis, the expenditures by Body shock ltd in advertisement using both radio and newspapers are the same

ECON ARTICLE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

ECON ARTICLE - Essay Example The LCD-panel manufactures had been producing flat screens faster than the TV industry could absorb and thus were forced to cut their wholesale prices by as much as 30%, which lowered their profits. Now they demand that TV makers, distributors, and retailers should cut their margin in order to generate more sales. On the other hand retailers complain that their margins are not really much because the high cost of storefront display and marketing TVs does not leave high profits for them. In addition, they have to invest heavily in training sales personnel also. They further have a lot of money tied up in inventories of the costly TVs. Moreover, the average selling price of flat screen TVs have dwindled to about $3000 from $5000 two years ago. The LCD panel makers, meanwhile, face stiff competitive pressure from other screen technologies such as Plasma and High Resolution Projection TVs. Since September 2004, plasma TV prices have plummeted and contributed to high market share gains over LCD sets. Retailers of plasma screen also apply a similar margin to plasma sets as well. But plasma screen factories are not as costly to erect as LCD screen plants, and there is less competition among plasma screen makers, so the profit squeeze is not as bad. A slightly encouraging trend that the flat TV producers can find relief in is that the low price is likely to increase the sales volume. Though there is a gradual decrease in prices and an increase in sales of flat screen TVs, most analysts predict that it won’t take off as quickly as flat screen computer monitors. Monitors primarily being used for commercial purposes, the purchasing has been driven by businesses while TVs are chiefly purchased for domestic use by consumers. These customers rather tend to be more sensitive to price than any other consideration. Due to increased production, the supply of flat TVs has

Multi-faceted role of the teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Multi-faceted role of the teacher - Essay Example Educators design curriculum to help them set learning paths for their students. This noble task has been attempted repeatedly and in various contexts in the hopes of improving curriculum. It can be said that educators always work towards a curriculum that empowers the learner. It would greatly benefit him and future generations to come. Curriculum comprises the whole school programme. It covers a broad spectrum - from how the physical environment is designed, which skills are targeted to be developed in the children, which concepts and activities are appropriate for the age group, what are the routines to be included and how one transitions from one activity to another. Marsh (2004) defines curriculum as a variety of learning experiences where students gain general skills and obtain knowledge in different learning sites. This definition concentrates more on learning and learning skills rather than teaching. It also values the practical skills gained from other learning sites other than from school alone. Grundy (1987) in his definition describes curriculum as ‘A programme of activities (by teachers and pupils) designed so that pupils will attain so far as possible certain educational and other schooling ends or objectives’ (Grundy, 1987, p.11). It is evident that any curriculum definition one way or another puts emphasis on the learning process, gained knowledge and skills, subject content and students’ comprehensive learning experience. In designing an appropriate course curriculum, an essential process needs to be considered including which curriculum model is most suitable for the needs of the learner. The process of learning is as important as the content learned (Newby 2005). Constructivist theory is gaining more attention, recognition and acceptance in many educational institutions. Its curriculum premises on the belief that learners â€Å"construct† their own

Spartacus (1960) The Epic Hero Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Spartacus (1960) The Epic Hero - Movie Review Example He also refuses to rape Varinia when she was sent in his cell to entertain him. The film is certainly a product of great work from Stanley Kubrick. The graphic nature of the scenes and the ability to use slow motion especially when Spartacus trains in the arena to be a gladiator is one of the scenes that bring out the director’s technical abilities. High sound quality, especially the scene where Senator Marcus Licinius Crassus addresses the gladiators (Joanna 2). The themes of the callous nature of slavery and the desire for freedom are demonstrated where women are forced into sexual activities, and men are forced to fight to their death, including with their friends. This compels Spartacus and the rest of the slaves to rebel and fight their way out. The manner in which ancient Rome is portrayed by Spartacus is authentic. There is a lot of historical evidence suggesting the injustices of slavery and sexual exploitation in the empire. The director, as well as the screenwriters, used an accurate portrayal of ancient Rome, with instances of exaggeration to make the film more

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

HRM - Essay Example For the human capital and other organizational changes to be effective, the HR system will require business credibility and the capacity to work in coordination with other business leaders. HR Business Partners will ensure that strategies to ensure these are incorporated in business decisions. Thorough functional and theoretical knowledge in diverse aspects of HR is expected in the implementation of such changes. However, with frequent developments in the area of HR and other organizational aspects, it is difficult for individual business leaders to constantly acquire the required knowledge. Here the International HR Business Partners have an important role in supplementing the required functional knowledge. Their role is spread across the areas of organizational design, change management, cultural diversity and human system alignment (Jamieson, 2007). A very important role of Business Partners is to integrate the business decisions with that of other leaders so that there are positi ve strategic implications in terms of the rapid changes. They design, engage and maintain the human capital to be ready to face the challenges of the open global market. In general the area of HR has undergone a lot of changes in the last two decades. It has gained more strategic importance. There had been continuous changes in the theoretical modeling and increased concentration on training and certifications. More importantly, the process of outsourcing gained importance through the time (Ulrich & Brockbank, 2005). This development gave rise to the concept of becoming a business partner. This concept has gained momentum especially in the last 15 years. This was increasingly engaged at least partly by businesses to have simultaneously handle strategies and all other HR operations. The scope of HR was initially limited to managing the

Multi-faceted role of the teacher Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Multi-faceted role of the teacher - Essay Example Educators design curriculum to help them set learning paths for their students. This noble task has been attempted repeatedly and in various contexts in the hopes of improving curriculum. It can be said that educators always work towards a curriculum that empowers the learner. It would greatly benefit him and future generations to come. Curriculum comprises the whole school programme. It covers a broad spectrum - from how the physical environment is designed, which skills are targeted to be developed in the children, which concepts and activities are appropriate for the age group, what are the routines to be included and how one transitions from one activity to another. Marsh (2004) defines curriculum as a variety of learning experiences where students gain general skills and obtain knowledge in different learning sites. This definition concentrates more on learning and learning skills rather than teaching. It also values the practical skills gained from other learning sites other than from school alone. Grundy (1987) in his definition describes curriculum as ‘A programme of activities (by teachers and pupils) designed so that pupils will attain so far as possible certain educational and other schooling ends or objectives’ (Grundy, 1987, p.11). It is evident that any curriculum definition one way or another puts emphasis on the learning process, gained knowledge and skills, subject content and students’ comprehensive learning experience. In designing an appropriate course curriculum, an essential process needs to be considered including which curriculum model is most suitable for the needs of the learner. The process of learning is as important as the content learned (Newby 2005). Constructivist theory is gaining more attention, recognition and acceptance in many educational institutions. Its curriculum premises on the belief that learners â€Å"construct† their own

HRM Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 5

HRM - Essay Example For the human capital and other organizational changes to be effective, the HR system will require business credibility and the capacity to work in coordination with other business leaders. HR Business Partners will ensure that strategies to ensure these are incorporated in business decisions. Thorough functional and theoretical knowledge in diverse aspects of HR is expected in the implementation of such changes. However, with frequent developments in the area of HR and other organizational aspects, it is difficult for individual business leaders to constantly acquire the required knowledge. Here the International HR Business Partners have an important role in supplementing the required functional knowledge. Their role is spread across the areas of organizational design, change management, cultural diversity and human system alignment (Jamieson, 2007). A very important role of Business Partners is to integrate the business decisions with that of other leaders so that there are positi ve strategic implications in terms of the rapid changes. They design, engage and maintain the human capital to be ready to face the challenges of the open global market. In general the area of HR has undergone a lot of changes in the last two decades. It has gained more strategic importance. There had been continuous changes in the theoretical modeling and increased concentration on training and certifications. More importantly, the process of outsourcing gained importance through the time (Ulrich & Brockbank, 2005). This development gave rise to the concept of becoming a business partner. This concept has gained momentum especially in the last 15 years. This was increasingly engaged at least partly by businesses to have simultaneously handle strategies and all other HR operations. The scope of HR was initially limited to managing the

Campare Sonnet Essay Example for Free

Campare Sonnet Essay Shall I compare you to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:| You are more lovely and more constant:| Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,| Rough winds shake the beloved buds of May| And summers lease hath all too short a date: | And summer is far too short:| Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,| At times the sun is too hot,| And often is his gold complexion dimmd; | Or often goes behind the clouds;| And every fair from fair sometime declines,| And everything beautiful sometime will lose its beauty, By chance or natures changing course untrimmd;| By misfortune or by natures planned out course. But thy eternal summer shall not fade | But your youth shall not fade,| Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;| Nor will you lose the beauty that you possess;| Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,| Nor will death claim you for his own,| When in eternal lines to time thou growest:| Because in my eternal verse you will live forever. | So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,| So long as there are people on this earth,| So long lives this and this gives life to thee. So long will this poem live on, making you immortal| My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun;| My mistresss eyes are nothing like the sun;| Coral is far more red than her lips red;| Coral is far more red than her lips;| If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; | If snow is white, then her breasts are a brownish gray;| If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. | If hairs are like wires, hers are black and not golden. I have seen roses damaskd, red and white,| I have seen damask roses, re d and white [streaked],| But no such roses see I in her cheeks; | But I do not see such colors in her cheeks;| And in some perfumes is there more delight | And some perfumes give more delight| Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. | Than the horrid breath of my mistress. | I love to hear her speak, yet well I know | I love to hear her speak, but I know| That music hath a far more pleasing sound;| That music has a more pleasing sound. I grant I never saw a goddess go;| Ive never seen a goddess walk;| My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:| But I know that my mistress walks only on the ground. | And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare | And yet I think my love as rare| As any she belied with false compare. | As any woman who has been misrepresented by | The sonnet 18 is a Shakespeare’s early love poem which is about affection of a young man to his beloved. It starts with the genuine question, â€Å"shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? † The speaker is thinking about his lover’s beauty rather than putting her poem in a conventional love poem formula. Then, he points out her lover’s beauty was more beautiful and constant than a summer day; her beauty was eternal and would be preserved in the lines of this poem. However, Sonnet 130 is a more convincing love poem because it is more descriptive and realistic in depicting his lover which shows that his love is more sincere and everlasting. Sonnet 18 is about the feeling of perfection of his lover’s beauty while sonnet 130 is about the real appearances of her mistress. In sonnet 18 the speaker says, â€Å"Shall I compare thee to a summers day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate:† Although summer is pleasant season, the speaker never talks about how his lover is like a summer day nor how she was more lovely. He did not give life to his lover because we can use this poem to mostly every woman in the world; he does not specifically describe his lover. In sonnet 130, the speaker explicit states what his mistress looks like. The speaker says, â€Å"My mistress eyes are nothing like the sun;/Coral is far more red than her lips red;/If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; /If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. It explicitly describes his lover in an honest way. Although love poems often use sun, snow and beautiful objects to praise the beauty of their subject, realistic love is not about an idealized sense of beauty. A person cannot love another one simply because they are physically beautiful. We think that the women with red lips, white skin and gold hair are beautiful, but does it mean the women that having â€Å"not so† red lips, brownish skin, and black hair are not beautiful? Beauty is subjective. When people love someone, they would define beauty by his/her st andard. By describing in detail of his lover’s appearance, the speaker of sonnet 130 really know his lover. Love is not only about the feeling of a warm sunny summer day, but know a person as a distinguish individual. Sonnet 130 make his lover feel special and superior because the speaker pay quite attention to her actual appearance, and honestly writes it down in a poem. It also gives her the sense of security because she knows he loves her for who she is and she does not need to pretend to be a perfect figure nor be an everlasting summer day. Sonnet 130 ses reality to prove the speakers love while sonnet 18 uses exaggeration. Sonnet 18 illustrates only the speaker’s love for his beloved’s beauty while in sonnet 130 illustrates more sincere love for her mistress even though she is not perfect. In sonnet 18, the speaker claim his lover was eternal by saying, â€Å"By chance or natures changing course untrimmd;/But thy eternal summer shall not fade /Nor lose possession o f that fair thou owest;/ Nor shall Death brag thou wanderst in his shade,† The speaker praise that her beauty stronger than the nature. Although the speaker values her beauty greatly and even believed her is beauty has the power to overturn the nature, it is only his wish and imagination that her beauty would not change. It will not be convincing to a woman since they consciously know that appearance will change. His lover will feel that the speaker only focuses on her beauty, but not anything else. In sonnet 130, the speaker states, â€Å"I love to hear her speak†. The speaker loves her thinking, her opinions and her intellects. The speaker values her thought which is not very common even in current society. Relationship is about equality and respect. Many men treat women as an object that has nothing inside. Even in sonnet 18, the speaker compares his lover as an eternal summer which also an object. Then, the speaker says, â€Å"I grant I never saw a goddess go;/My mistress, when she walks, treads on the ground:† . The speaker wants to compare his mistress with a goddess as many sonnets do, but he admits that he never saw one. It mocks that other poets are dishonest which compare their lover to a figure they never see. He emphasized the word â€Å"my mistress† which shows that he takes pride that this woman is his mistress as while as the ways his mistress is like. He shows that this poem is about her mistress but not anybody else, not even goddess can compare with his mistress. He cares only his mistress which makes her even superior to a goddess. He shows that although her mistress is not an immortal figure, but her mistress is special for him. Then, speaker of sonnet 130 transits his understanding of her mistress to his confession of love while in sonnet 18, the speaker transits his lover’s beauty to mortality. The speaker of sonnet 18 uses poetry to eternalize his lover while in sonnet 130, the speaker shows that his love for her is eternal. In the end of sonnet 18, the speaker says, â€Å"So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, /So long lives this and this gives life to thee†. The life of the subject will be an endless summer, but only because the speaker has immortalized her in this poem, and only if people continue to read these verses. It makes the readers feel that the poem itself is greater than the subject. The poem builds up this subject with eternal beauty and the subject only lives in the poem. However, this poem is for a living woman, and she is not living by her beauty or by the poem. Every woman knows this poem cannot real give immorality to them because the readers do not even know who the subject is. Not only the woman reading this poem cannot relate herself to this poem, buy she also will feel the speaker’s love is unrealistic and superficial and will not last long. In contract, in sonnet 130, the speaker claims that â€Å"And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare†. His claim is convincing because in previous lines, he honestly depict his mistress and we expect he is honest when he says that he loves her. Furthermore, if his love for her is not because she is idealized beautiful since she is not, then he must love her because of her which we define as true love. His love would not fate with changing of appearance or time. His mistress would feel that she has the speaker’s heart forever. Sonnet 130 well proved the speaker’s love for her mistress; his love is about understanding and respect; his love is strong and everlasting. In contrast, sonnet 18 is more about the speaker’s passion to his lover’s beauty than his love for her as a whole individual. Many people say romantic love would last long. It is because that when people know each other well, their flaws would appear, and they are intolerance to these flaws. They would try everything to change each other to the way they want, but they most likely fail. Everyone is difference and not perfect, so when people love someone, they should acceptance their flaws.

Factors that lead to employee motivation

Factors that lead to employee motivation Employees are considered as one of the most valuable asset of an organization and they contribute to various activities of an organization. There is a need in every organizational to motivate their employees in order to render organizational commitment of the employees and if an employee is committed toward to an organization than there will be strong desire in an employee to work toward s the goals of an organization and to remain in the organization which will in turn lead to success of the organization. The purpose of this research is to examine and evaluate the factors which motivate the employees. One reason for choosing this topic is that it is an important fact that employees spend a lot of time at work for almost 40 years of their lives therefore it is important that employees should be satisfied with their job and the working environment. Apart from this topic being so interesting and important, there are different theories than can be used to look at motivation from different angles. Reasons for choosing Pepsi Pepsi co has a work oriented approach with highly skilled and knowledgeable employees. Pepsi is a world leader in producing beverages and other consumer product. PepsiCo in Pakistan produces financial rewards for its investors and provide growth opportunities to its employees. The aim of the management of PepsiCo is to build a work force that is motivated and associated with the objectives of the organization. At PepsiCo both financial and non financial practices are undertaken to motivate the employees. My research will focus on the non financial practices for motivation. Project Objectives and research questions: The objective of this research is to understand the factors that motivate employees. Employees not only focus on financial rewards but also non financial rewards and benefits which are responsible for motivation among employees. The objective of this report focuses on the impacts of non financial practices on employee motivation. A smaller part of this report will focus on the financial factors responsible for motivating employees. The main aim of this research is to identify and analyze the factors that motivate the employess using different theories of motivation. Both primary and secondary sources will be used to identify these factors. Primary research will give more detailed and in depth analysis. The main primary question will be: Are PepsiCo employees motivated? What factors lead to employee motivation? How can PepsiCo improve motivation of its employees? The answers to the above three questions will help in identifying and analyzing the areas of strengths and weakness in overall motivation process at PepsiCo. At the end recommendation will be given that how Pepsi can improve and work on their areas of weakness. Overall research approach: To begin with the research first of all I will analyze whether the employees at PepsiCo are motivated or not. I will use results obtained from primary research and secondary sources to do the overall analysis of motivation. Once I have found that employees at PepsiCo are motivated or not I will identify and analyze the factors that are responsible for motivating employees or responsible for their dissatisfaction. The factors that I will use will be based on the theories of motivation I will be using. There is at least one question in the primary research questionnaire for each factor. The questionnaire will ask the participating employees to put in order of importance the factors they consider are most important and will motivate them. The theories that I will be using are: Herzbergs motivation hygiene theory Vrooms expectancy theory From the information that I will obtain from primary and secondary research I will make recommendations to PepsiCo that on which factors they can improve on and which factors they should not focus on as they do not help in motivating employees. Finally in the conclusion I will discuss the overall effectiveness of the motivation process of employees at PepsiCo. Part 2: Sources and methods used for collecting information: The secondary sources that I am using for my research are websites, books and business magazines, whereas primary research will be conducted through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was distributed among different employees working at different positions at PepsiCo. The questionnaire has at least one question relating to the factor considered. The participating employees were asked to put in order of importance the factors that the considered are the most important for their motivation. This help me identifying that where PepsiCo is putting its emphasis and on what factors it is not putting much emphasis. Limitations of your information gathering Ethical issues and how they were resolved The main ethical issue concerned was of confidentiality as this report discusses private personal information as well as information about PepsiCo which gives PepsiCo completive advantage. To overcome the issue of confidentiality the surveys are kept anonymous and individual results will not be shown. I am a customer of PepsiCo and I am an admirer of it. However I ensure that my results are not biased in favor of PepsiCo. I made sure that I focused on the factual data for my results. Accounting and/or business techniques and their limitations Motivation is the psychological feature that arouses an organism to action toward a desired goal; the reason for the action; that which gives purpose and direction to behaviour (Princeton, 2010). There are two types of motivation theories, process theories and content theories. According to content theory man has needs which tend to change over time. Man will be motivated when these needs are satisfied. Therefore the theory identifies factors that are needed to be satisfied in order to motivate an individual. Whereas process theories believe that motivation leads to actions which will satisfy an individuals need. Content theory believes thats if needs of an individual are satisfied then he is motivated whereas process theories believe motivation leads to actions that can satisfy needs. There are two types of process theories, expectancy theory and equity theory. According to expectancy theory an individual has to expect that their ability and skill will help them to complete a task which will lead to fulfillment of desired need. Therefore a job design is important. Equity theory analyzes the ratio between an individual input and the expected outcome. An individual input includes his effort, his ability, his training etc where as the expected outcome includes the pay he is getting, his status etc. An individual is de-motivated when he believes that his input to output ratio is not similar to his coworkers in the company. For example if one employees earns à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬200,000 of revenue for the company in a year and earns an income of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬30,000 whereas his coworker who has been at the company for 4 years longer than him earns an income of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬40,000 even though he also earns à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬200,000 of revenue for the company. For my research project the motivation theories I have chosen is one process and one content theory, which are discussed below: Herzbergs Hygiene Motivation theory Frederick Herzberg (1966) was a student of accountants and engineers in Pennsylvania and he identified the two-factor theorem for job satisfaction. He noted that the opposite of satisfaction is not, no satisfaction but is dissatisfaction. Therefore the two factors he indentified ere hygiene factors and motivating factors. The hygiene factors are those which remove job dissatisfaction and motivating factors are those which cause job satisfaction. Hygiene factors are the needs which an employer must provide in order to stop an employees dissatisfaction. Some of the primary hygiene factors are : Company policy Supervision Working conditions Relationship with peers Salary Security These factors are all external and will satisfy human physiological needs. Physiological needs include such as food and shelter etc Whereas motivating factors will satisfy a persons psychological needs and are fundamental. The important motivating factors are: Achievement Recognition Work itself Responsibility Advancement and Growth Motivating factors will not be met until and unless hygiene factors are not met. However if both factors are successful then the employees will be loyal and will be more productive. Now looking at the limitations of the theory: The first limitation this theory has is that it does not see employees as individuals with different personalities. As all human beings have different needs and different wants therefore it is inappropriate to consider that same factors will motivate everybody. The second limitation with this theory is that it assumes that only motivated employees are productive however this may not hold true in some cases. Therefore it can be seen that theory does not consider an individuals ability and his skills. Also at time the managers blame that hygiene factors lead to employees dissatisfaction and they tend to ignore the motivating factors, which may be the main reason for an employees de-motivation. Vrooms Expectancy theory of motivation. Vroom presented the following equation for motivation: Motivation = Valence x Expectancy (Instrumentality) In this equation Valence means the depth of want and expectancy and instrumentality considered the employees perception about his chances of receiving bonus or reward. This theory is based on the employees ability to predict whether he will be able to complete the given task. This ability to predict can be low for tasks which are complex and in such cases the theory will be considered ineffective. Part 3 Results, analysis conclusions and recommendations Are employees at PepsiCo motivated? Interest in task According to the content theories, when an individual is attracted in what they are doing it motivates them to complete the task. According to Herzberg this is an essential factor and therefore is a need to develop this factor in the employees. Therefore it is important to understand that if the need for interest of the employees is satisfied than they will be motivated to work and perform the task successfully. Process theorists also agree that interest fac t is important for motivation bur however according to them, individuals are motivated because they believe that they will get the desired reward. According to Vroom if an individual is interested in their wok and are satisfied with their job then they will believe that they will succeed and they are motivated to work for their success. Hence Interest in task by the employee is an important factor and PepsiCo should give time to it. Graph exp As in the questionnaire question 1 and 2 are about the factor interest in task. The results shows that employees at PepsiCo believe that their work task gives them personal satisfaction as they have answered these questions as agree and strongly agree. None of the employees said that they were dissatisfied with their job, however it is seen from the survey that satisfaction level of some employees need to be improved therefore there is a room for improvement for PepsiCo. Also on the important list of the survey this factor varies from levels 1 to 9, which shows that how different employees view this factors importance. This shows that the result match with Vrooms theory because the employees feel that interest in task does not have a positive relation with skills and ability and the results does not correlate with Herbergs theory which believes that interest in task is a motivator. Recognition Recognition means that you are acknowledged by the other because of your good performance in a task. According to Herzberg recognition is an important intrinsic motivating factor because it gives an employee the feeling of self worth and an employee feels good about himself. If an employee feels good about him and is confident then he will be motivated as well. According to Vroom recognition makes an employee motivated to do the work again as he knows that it will lead to success. Process Theorist believe on larger rewards such as financial bonuses where as Herzbergs theory prefers smaller rewards and frequents recognitions for making one feel good about himself. Graph Working environment According to Herzberg working environment is a hygiene factor that is required to keep away dissatisfaction but it is not a motivator itself. According to Process theories a factor is only motivating if it helps individuals in achieving a specific goal. According to Vroom a working environment is a motivator as it is required to perform a task. This factors shows that how both theories have different conclusions about it. Graph n explanation 4. Relationship with peers According to Herzberg relationships are not needed by individuals as they are an external factor. Content theories don not encourage companies to spend their resources on building relationships among peers. According to Vroom the need for relationship among peers is important depends on whether it is an important factor in achieving success. According to the equity theory motivation depends how individuals sees themselves by comparing himself with the others in the same organization. Graph n explanation Relationship with senior The use of the theories for this factor is alike to the conclusion drawn in the above factor relationships with peers but process theorist would see this factor as a motivating factor because it is important to build relationship with seniors and gain their respect in order to get promotion. Graph n explanation Reasonable expectations from the organization Reasonable expectations mean that a just quantity of work is given by the manager. According to Herzberg this factor is a hygiene factor and not a motivator because unreasonable expectations from the manager will lead to dissatisfaction even if other motivating factors are also present. According to Vroom this is a motivating factor because if they expectations are reasonable the employee will believe that he will be able to succeed and hence will be motivated to perform the task. Graph n explanation Career advancement According to Herzberg career advancement is a motivating factor because it indicates personal growth and the employee who is given growth opportunities and promotions will be motivated to work. According to process theorists career advancement is a motivating factor as long as the individual feels that it is realistic and the expectations for promotion are high. According to Vroom career advancement is a motivating factor as this will lead to employees ability to succeed. Graph n explanation Company Pride Graph n explanation 9. Monetary rewards Graph n explanation 10. Job Security Graph n explanation Sample questionnaire Gender: Male Female Age Length of time working at the company: Less than 1 year 1-3 years 4-6 years 7-10 years More than10 years Department: The numbers indicate the following: 1 Strongly disagree 2 -disagree 3 Neutral 4 -agree 5 Strongly agree My work is interesting. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree Doing my job fine gives me personal satisfaction. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree My manager gives me recognition when I do an excellent job. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree The company has reasonable expectations from its employees. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I am satisfied with the working environment 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree There is a feeling of teamwork in the company. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree The people I work with improve my job satisfaction 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I respect my manager as a capable professional. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree My manager treats me with respect. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I have satisfactory opportunities for professional growth in this company. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I am satisfied with the level of training 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I am rewarded for the work I perform 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I would leave the company if I was offered better salary at another company 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I feel my job is secure 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I expect to leave the company within the next 12 months 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree I am proud to work for the company. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree Overall, I am very satisfied with my job at the company. 1 2 3 4 5 . Strongly disagree disagree neutral agree strongly agree Put the following in order of importance to you regarding your satisfaction (number 1 most important, 9 Least important, next to each item) Interest in job Recognition Working conditions Relationship with peers Relationship with seniors Reasonable expectations from my manager Career progression Monetary rewards Job Security Other Please state

Thorpe Parks Customer Service Essay -- Consumerism Businesses Essays

Thorpe Park's Customer Service Effectual customer service is or should be a fundamental aspect of any organisation that has an objective of success. It is through this process that an organisation can fully understand its customers and ensuring that it is responding correctly to customer needs and demands which are vital if the organisation is to gain competitive advantage. In 1991, freematle quotes: â€Å"Customer service is the final test. You can get everything else right in terms of product, price and marketing but unless you complete the process with incredibly good customer service, you run the risk of loosing business or even going out of business†. Therefore customer service is defined as the course of action whereby businesses endeavour to fully understand the needs of their customers and to respond to those needs effectively and efficiently. It is important that an organisation’s customer service is done effectively and efficiently because business activities carry costs therefore sluggishness will be at the expense of the organisation. Excellent customer service achieves a high level of customers’ satisfaction and encourages customer to return and to recommend the organisation to others. I will be investigating into Thorpe Park, which is in the leisure and recreation industry and how it carries out its customer service. The leisure and recreation industry is a diverse part of the UK economy, spanning the public, private and voluntary sectors, and made up of a number of interrelated components including sport & physical recreation, arts & entertainment, outdoor activities etc. The leisure and recreation industry is one of the fastest growing sectors of the UK economy. Introduction to Thorpe Park In 1970, the site was an active gravel pit owned by Ready Mix Concrete and in 1971 work was granted for the construction of a 500-acre Water Park. Thunder River and its surrounding area were developed in 1987, and 1988 saw the opening of the 630 seats Palladium Theatre. In 1989 Canada Creek, incorporating Logger’s Leap, was developed. Since 1991 many attractions have been added. In 1996, X:/No Way Out, the world’s first pitch dark, backward roller coaster was introduced and for two years running, in 1996 and 1997, Thorpe Park was voted the most Parent-Friendly leisure in the UK. Pearsons, who owned the Tussa... ...de above regarding surveys and questionnaires are relevant here. The cost of postal surveys tends to be lower, especially as there is no need to employ an interviewer, but the response rate is also generally low, and organizations will often include some kind of incentive, such as free gifts or entry to prize draws, to encourage participation employees Surveys – increasingly, firms are gathering data on customer service by placing interactive questionnaires on their websites and encouraging customers to use them by offering incentives such as free gifts and prize draws. This is a relatively cheap method of research, given that it is normally relatively easy to add questionnaires onto an already established website. Internal surveys – these are surveys that are conducted amongst the organization’s own Comments/suggestion boxes – these are commonly used by organizations to gather basic information and are typically left on restaurant tables, in hotel rooms and near to tills for customers to fill in while they wait. They act like mini-questionnaires - usually made up of a small number of closed-ended questions, in order to encourage a higher completion rate.

Irrigation as a Tool for Frost and Freeze Protection Essay -- Agricult

For years now farmers and researchers have understood the value of applying water to crops during periods when the temperature drops below 32oF (0oC). The temperature of 32oF is the freezing point of water and is the temperature at which crops start to become damaged due to the formation of ice crystals in their tissue cells. The point that this starts to occur is considered the crops critical temperature. The critical temperature usually is slightly lower than the freezing point of water and depends on the duration at the temperature. For example, in citrus the critical temperature at four hours is 28oF. This means that a citrus tree can stand a temperature of 28oF for four hours before sustaining damage. After four hours the damage is proportional to the time that the temperature remains below the critical temperature. Temperatures below 28oF for a short period of time (one or two hours) will cause only minimal damage. Temperatures over 28oF can be tolerated for extended periods of time with only minor damage (partial leaf burn, partial defoliation, etc., but no wood damage). Other factors such as stage of growth (if the plant is in early stages of growth or mature), fruit set (whether the crop is still on the plant or not), dormancy (whether the plant is actively growing or is dormant), plant water content (whether the plant is under water stress or not) and overall plant health will influence the critical temperature for a specific crop. There are three ways that water can transfer heat for freeze protection. The first way is through radiation. Water pumped from wells will be introduced into the field at a much higher temperature than the surrounding air temperature (in Florida the temperature for water coming from a well is... ...rmittent coverage. References Hochmuth, G.J., S.J. Lacascio, S.R. Kostewicz, and F.G. Martin. 1993. Irrigation Method and Rowcover Use for Strawberry Freeze Protection. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 188(5):575-579. Miller, F. 1977. College Physics. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc. New York. Parsons, L.R., and T.A. Wheaton, 1987. Microsprinkler Irrigation for Freeze Protection: Evaporative Cooling and Extent of Protection in an Advective Freeze. J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 112(6):879- 902. Parsons, L.R., T.A. Wheaton, N.D. Faryna, and J.L. Jackson. 1991. Elevated Microsprinklers Improve Protection of Citrus Trees in an Advective Freeze. Hortscience. 26(9):1149-1151. Rieger, M., F.S. Davies, and L.K. Jackson. 1986. Microsprinkler Irrigation and Microclimate of Young Orange Trees During Freeze Conditions. Hortscience. 21(6):1372-1374.

Mouth And Tooth Health Situation Health And Social Care Essay

Background & A ; purposes: Being healthy depends on consideration and planning in all its influencing factors. Bing one of the PHC parts, Mouth and Tooth Health has been recognized as one of the 11 twenty-first century mottos. DMFT is a simple, fast- stretch and dependable index in finding Mouth and Tooth Health state of affairs. Third -grade simple school pupils ‘ age is a period between deciduous and lasting dentitions being during which assorted dentitions can be seen and DMFT finding is possible. This survey was done to happen pupils ‘ tooth and oral cavity wellness state of affairs by utilizing DMFT index in Persian Gonabad metropolis in 2008. Methodology: All 3rd class simple school pupils ( N=529 ) life in Gonabad were examined and interviewed under the supervising of tooth doctors in this descriptive, cross-sectional survey to happen their Tooth and Mouth Health state of affairs. Assorted informations garnering techniques were used in the survey such as DMFT index checklist, questionnaire, disposable mirror and particular catather. The informations were analyzed by SPSS package utilizing T-Test, correlativity coefficient and ANOVA. Consequences: The findings showed that 51.2 per centum of pupils were male childs and 48.8 per centum were misss. 77.3 per centum and merely 77.3 per centum of them used tooth brush and dental floss, severally. Their dmft was 3.86A ±1.11 and DMFT 1.04A ±0.22 demoing important differences between two sexes. Furthermore, 8.3 per centum of pupils did non hold any rotten tooth. One-way ANOVA showed a important relation between brushing times and the related index. It was besides found that parents ‘ educational degree and household size had important relation with DMFT. Decision: The consequences showed that Third category simple school pupils populating in Gonabad followed countrywide forms and their oral cavity and tooth wellness state of affairs was instead suited. CF did non hold any important relation with countrywide scope. But this is at the mean degree in conformity with WHO ends. It seems necessary to carry on planned steps to advance KAP and fix indispensable resources and besides reexamine the disposal method and cost -effectiveness of some measurings such as Fluoride therapy. Cardinal Wordss: Tooth and Mouth Health, Students, DMFT Index, CF Index.IntroductionTooth decay is the bacterial disease of tooth calcificated tissues identified by demineralisation of different non-organic parts and laying waste of tooth organic stuff. Tooth-decaying factors can be classified like those of other infective diseases: these include host-related factors ( salivary combination, tooth sleight ) environmental factors ( nutrition, Fluoride ) and micro beings ( 1 ) . Research shows that tooth decay as a multi-factor disease is affected badly by legion factors such as parents ‘ instruction, economical position of the household, household size and oral cavity & A ; tooth wellness ( 2 ) . This is the most widespread disease among people ; 99 % of the universe population catch it and few individuals are non affected by it during their lives ( 3 ) . Tooth-related decay is still one of the chief jobs in dental medicine and particular attending must be paid to it in current redresss. Both mending processs and preventative steps will hold to be planned so that tooth disintegrate might be decreased. The most of import index to show tooth decay rate in people is DMFT norm. The figure of rotten, filled and extracted dentitions of all people in the society should be counted and their norms be calculated in order to happen the community DMFT. DMFT Average is a simple, easily-reachable and mensurable index in dental medicine which has been used for some decennaries. If one wishes to exemplify milk teeth state of affairs, the index is represented by â€Å" dmft † although calculated in the same manner as mentioned above. Other important indices consist of DMFS, OHI, and the per centum of people without any decay ( particularly for kids ) ( CF ) ( 5 ) . Tooth and oral cavity are considered so of import in carry throughing and publicity of wellness that it has been one of the outstanding mottos in 21th century. ( 6 ) On the other manus, complete acknowledgment of teeth state of affairs and therapeutical demands of different age groups is one of the most considerable affairs in health-theraputical planning. The necessity to hold right informations on the footing of international criterions comparable to other 1s has been taken into consideration by researches and contrivers ( 7 ) . In other words, finding assorted indices related to oral cavities and tooth wellness state of affairs in different age and societal groups and at some clip periods is so indispensable that a instead perfect position of the present status must be developed to build the foundation of comparing the planned purposes of World Dental Federation ( FDI ) until the twelvemonth 2010 ( 8 ) . Knowing DMFT ( dmft ) and other indices allows the communities to develop their plans to better bar and intervention. For case, school plans advancing non-decayed tooth index in kids focus on Fluoride ingestion in Greece. The same undertaking is carried out in Sweden ( 9 ) . WHO research commission was organized in 1992 in Geneva to supervise oral cavity and tooth wellness which emphasizes Fluoride ingestion. This organisation besides stresses commanding on a regular basis the tooth and oral cavity wellness every five old ages in all states ( 10 ) . Measuring DMFT index is conducted by Persian Mouth and Tooth Health Office every four to five old ages in Iran along with Iranian Health & A ; Treatment Ministry and WHO policies from 1998 in 3, 6, 9, 12 year-old age groups ( 1 ) . Lebanon has the highest DMFT degree ( 5.7 ) , Pakistan owns the lowest 1 ( 0.9 ) and Iran gets the mean degree among states of EMRO part ( 12 ) . The consequences of countrywide surveies showed that dmft mean degree in Persian 9 year-old kids is 3.35 and DMFT is 0.97 most of which is related to tooth decay index ( 11 ) . In conformity with WHO report, in the twelvemonth 2000 the mean of dmft & A ; DMFT in Iran was approximately mean so that they were in the lowest degree in Bushehr and Yazd metropoliss and at the highest in Zanjan and Sahrekord metropoliss ( 1 ) . Since kids are the most susceptible groups against tooth decay and have the highest rate of incidence, finding dmft and its influencing factors is one of the foremost purposes of assorted researches in different states. The same surveies have been done in Iran. Unfortunately few of dmft surveies have dealt with 9-year old kids, whereas the rate of DMFT surveies on 12-year old kids has been reported to be higher. Therefore, this survey was carried out to find oral cavity & A ; tooth wellness status particularly dmft and DMFT indices of 9 year-old kids populating in Gonabad metropolis in the twelvemonth 2008.Methodology:This was a descriptive and cross-sectional survey which was carried out on third-grade simple school pupils populating in Go nabad metropolis. All of the pupils at this degree ( 529 1s ) were selected. The ground to take this degree was that 9 year-old age period is the last period of milk dentitions being and is a suited clip to measure decay badness of lasting dentitions and besides monitor oral cavity and tooth wellness status after carry oning interventional steps for pupils. In Iran Mouth and Tooth wellness state of affairs monitoring for kids is done in 3, 6, 9 and 12 year-old age groups. DMFT and dmft indices must be measured in 9 year-old kids due to assorted tooth period ( DMFT and dmft ) . DMFT and dmft include D ( vitamin D ) stand foring decayed dentitions whose colour is changed or particular catather inserted into them and caught. M ( m ) represents missed dentitions which are extracted due to being decayed. F ( degree Fahrenheit ) represents filled dentitions which are repaired because of decay. The data-gathering method included observation ( scrutiny ) , interview, enrollment of informations and besides DMFT index checklist. The research workers referred to schools after holding mandate from the governments. Then the pupils were informed of the purposes of the research and their dentitions were examined by tooth doctors in a suited topographic point ; questionnaire were filled in and collected through organized interviews.Various tools were used in this survey including: absolang, disposable mirror, torch, and particular catather.The informations were so an alyzed by SPSS package utilizing cardinal statistical indices, Independent T-test, correlativity coefficient and Analysis of Variance.Consequences:Of the 529 participants in this survey, 48.8 per centum were misss and 51.2 were male childs. 77.3 per centum of these pupils brushed their dentitions while 22.7 per centum did non. Merely 8.32 per centum of pupils used dental floss as a utile technique to maintain their tooth healthy. The per centum of brushing dentitions by the pupils ‘ parents were as follows: 11.53 % male parents, 30.81 % female parents and 13.99 both parents brushed their dentitions on a regular footing. On the other manus, 43.67 per centum of the parents did non brush their dentitions at all. The consequences showed that the norm of dmft and DMFT were3.86A ±1.11 and 1.04A ±0.22, severally which are shown in table two. There was non any important difference between DMFT and dmft norm with their countrywide norm. The consequences showed that index per centum of kids without any decay ( Caries Free ) was 8.3.T- trial did non illustrated any important relation between two sexes ( Table no.3 ) . The consequences of the survey showed that dmft index decreased significantly as parents education degree increased ( p=0.04 ) so that it was 4.3 in kids whose parents ‘ educational degree was at simple degree and reached 2.2 for kids whose parents had high educational degree. On the other manus, dmft index increased as household size increased ( p=0.031 ) . In add-on, correlativity coefficient showed a important relation between dmft and DMFT indices in kids ‘ group ( Table No.4 ) . On the footing of conducted scrutiny, 28.92 per centum of kids need to hold their decayed dentition extracted, 66.35 per centum of them should hold them filled. Furthermore 7.6 per centum had unhealthy gums.Discussion:The present survey showed that dmft index norm among the participants of this survey is 3.86A ±1.11. This class does non demo any important difference in comparing with countrywide dmft norm which is 3.35A ±0.01. ( P=0.08 ) DMFT norm ( 1.04A ±0.22 ) does non exemplify important difference with countrywide DMFT norm ( 0.97A ±0.05 ) every bit good ( P= 0.071 ) . DMFT and dmft norms in this survey were the same as those achieved in H. Samadzadeh ( 14 ) , D. Safavi ( 15 ) and H. Nurelahian ( 16 ) . On the other manus, the Independent T-Test did non demo any important difference in dmft and DMFT indices in two sexes so that dmft and DMFT norms in male childs were 3.74 and 1.02, severally and in misss were 3.99 and 1.07, severally. These consequences are the same as those found in L. Basir ( 17 ) , M. G. Motlagh ( 18 ) , Memar ( 19 ) , S.S.Ashrafizadeh ( 20 ) and L.Tumarian. DMFT and dmft agencies in the misss were a small higher than those of male childs in this survey and the above-named 1s, but this difference was non important. 22.7 per centum of kids did non brush at all.17.5 of kids in. M.M.Fanis ‘ survey did non brush either ( 22 ) .In their surveies, S.S Ashrafzadeh and L. Tumarin study this figure to be 21 and 32.7, severally ( 20, 21 ) . Harmonizing to N. Memar, if the quality and method of right brushing had been considered, thi s figure might hold exceeded the present one ( 19 ) . The consequence of One-Way Analysis of Variance showed that there was a important relation between dmft & A ; DMFT rates and brushing times so that when brushing times increased, the rates of these indices decreased excessively. These consequences are in line with N. Memar ‘ consequences ( 19 ) . Despite a lessening in DMFT rate, there was non any important relation between this index and an addition in brushing times in M. Motlagh survey ( 23 ) . The per centum of kids without any rotten tooth ( CF ) was 8.3. In this survey, there was non any important difference between this index and countrywide one ( 11/5 % ) . ( P=0.21 ) CF index was 10.7 in L.Tumarian ‘ survey ( 21 ) . Boys and misss ‘ CF index were 8/1and 8/5, severally which did non demo any important difference between two sexes despite its being higher in the misss. ( P=0.12 ) The same consequences in this index were verified in B.Ajami ( 24 ) and H. Nurelahian ( 16 ) . CF index in 9 year-old kids is really low due to assorted dental period because both milk and lasting dentition may be decayed taking to CF lessening in 9 year-old kids. In malice of instead acceptable indices of utilizing coppice, the per centum of dental floss use was well low in this survey ( 8.32 % ) .These consequences are the same as those in S.Ashrafizadeh ( 7.5 % ) and L. Tumarian ( 11 % ) . It seems that utilizing dental floss is non widespread among Persian households and that countrywide preparation should be conducted to advance this utile technique and that members of the society should hold entree to it in order to better their oral cavity and tooth wellness. The present research shows that dmft of pupils whose parents ‘ educational degree is higher ( 2/2 ) is well lower than pupils whose parents ‘ educational degree is simple ( 21.3 ) ( P=0.04 ) . This consequence was similar to those of N.Memar ( 19 ) , A. Davari ( 25 ) , K.Salem ( 26 ) in that DMFT and dmft rates decreased as parents ‘ educational degree went up. It seems that this variable affects dmft from two facets, in which increasing parents ‘ cognition degree is the more of import of the two. This fact is besides proved in Downer ( 27 ) , Seow and Amaratungo ( 28 ) , Aajabi and Hamdan ( 29 ) and Afshar & A ; Shafizadeh ( 30 ) which have been conducted in Poland, Australia, Jordan and Iran, severally. The other influence of parents ‘ educational degree in Iran is that households with higher instruction normally enjoy suited economical state of affairs which in bend leads to the publicity of their kids ‘s ‘ tooth and oral cavity wellness state of affairs. Furthermore, it has been proved that there is a important relation between mentioning to dentistry and parents ‘ educational degree in other similar surveies. In contrast, an addition in household size leads to a lessening in cognition which makes the economical state of affairs even worse with the effect that less attending is paid to taking attention of kids. In the present survey, like those of M.Gh.Motlegh ( 18 ) and M.M.Fani ( 22 ) , dmft increased as household size increased, demoing a important difference between the two variables ( P=0.031 ) Pierson correlativity coefficient demonstrated that dmft & A ; DMFT addition at the same time ( direct important relation ) .Therefore, it is of paramount importance to see the issue that taking attention of milk dentitions leads to the betterment of the wellness of lasting dentitions, which is against the public sentiment that milk dentitions wellness does non merit much attending due to their lasting nature. Based on the findings of this survey, oral cavity and teeth wellness state of affairs among 9 year-old kids in Gonabad metropolis is instead acceptable in comparing with countrywide state of affairs, but it lies in the mean degree with respect to WHO standards. Therefore, it is necessary to see cardinal options and rapid planning to forestall tooth and oral cavity diseases due to the high population of pupils in Iran. It is, hence, hoped that cardinal steps be conducted in future through the attempts of Persian high ranking functionaries in Health & A ; Treatment sector, and de dicated and experts and researches. In decision, it is suggested that remedial wellness classs be held in simple schools for both pupils and wellness trainers and instructors. Sing the society, it is suggested that Mouth and Tooth Health Education be done for the households while stressing fissur sealant intervention, proper distribution of wellness and preventative devices like coppice, toothpaste, dental floss and so on. It is besides considered critical to non overlook cost-effectiveness of activities sing Mouth and Tooth Health.Recognition:The writers wish to thank all functionaries of Education Office, principals and instructors of simple schools in Gonabad for their sort aid and cooperation throughout this survey.